Article, method, and machine for manufacture



July 18, 1933. s. K. ZAHN 1,919,180

ARTICLE, METHOD, AND MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURE Original Filed Dec. 5, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

q Ji /074K Zeb/7 54 ATTORNEY;

July 18, 1933.

S. K. ZAHN ARTICLE, METHOD, AND MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURE 2 Sheeis-Sheet 2 Original Filed Dec. 5, 1931 INVENTOR. Se/ma/fl Zafl BY pnffl ATTIiNEY. 2i

Patented July 18, 1933 I NT oF i-c if A'ssIeNoR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO

f UNITED STATES, RATE SELMA K. ZAHN, or ALBANYfoALIroRNrA, I BANK or AMERICA, A CORPORATION or .oA I oRNIa ARTICLE, mnon, AND MACHINE ron MANUFACTURE Application filed December mansenei No. 579,183. Renewed June 12, 1933.

This invention relates to pads or other forms of articles impregnated uniformly with materials as an abrasive andto a machine and a method for producing these pads. Since the invention has been used successfully to produce pads useful for polishing silver and gold ware, I shall preferably describe the method, machine and article of my invent-ion as related to the production ofsuch pads. However, it is otherwise useful and the invention is of a generic nature. In the polishing of precious and semiprecious metals, the use of abrasives is common to remove thethin, darkened exterior film and reveal the true nature of the metal in a polished and lustrous state. However, while this use of abrasives has been common, the disadvantage of having the abrasive cut and scratch the metal has also been encountered, as has the inconvenience of dirty hands from applying the abrasiveto the metal. The present invention enables a polishing material to be supplied which obviates these disadvantages. y It is an object of the invention to provide I an improved polishing pad enabling the surface of an article to be polished without danger of scratching or cutting'the surface and without inconvenience to the person us ing the article.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacture for forming an article including a fibrous mass impregnated with a finely divided solid uniformly distributed.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacture for an article whereby the article, a mass of fibrous ma.-

terial, is impregnated with finely divided solid material without coalescence and forming of aggregates of said'finesolids in said mass of fibrous material.

Another object of the invention is to provide a machine for producing the article of my invention; my machine enables material to be processed to produce the very desirable article.

A further object of the invention is to produce an abrasive article of a fibrous mass as cotton which is uniformly impregnated with a finely divided solid as jewelers rouge.

The invention possesses other. advantageous features and objects, some of which, with the foregoing will appear upon consideration of the following wherein I have disdispersed throughout the closed, as required, only the preferred manner'of practising my invention and employing my method, producing my article and constructing my machine. p r

In practising the preferred-method ofmy invention, I have used a massofxfibrous material and have incorporated therein, the desired material. Thus, in the preferred form of the invention, I impregnate or disperse jewelers rouge throughout amassv of cotton fibers, preferably matted, short, staple cotton known as cotton linters. The cotton mass is loosened and the abrasive then beaten into the fibrous mass so that it is uniformly mass. Insteadof cotton, other materials can be used as wool, mixtures of wool and cotton, and kapok. The material should be capable of forming' interstices between its fibers so that the abrasive can work through the material and. thereby impregnate the matrial. Fibrous material is preferred sincethe abrasive can be applied successfully to indentations in the articles tobe polished. v p I In accordance with myinvention, the fibrous mass and the abrasive are treated that the abrasive, or other solid, does not coalesce, or collect, into small lumps which arelarge enough to scratch a precious metal surface. I have. found that if the fibrous massis first dried and while dry, impregnated,'a superior product from the standpoint of uniform particle size and consequent freedom from scratching, is secured. y

I prefer thatthe mass of fibrous material be not only dry but hot. The abrasive isalso hot and substantially moisture free, being predried by heating to above 100 C.usually 200 C. Dispersion of the abrasive through the fibrous mass is thus facilitated since the mass, on drying, flufls and expands, becom ing soft and lending itself readily to dispersion of theabrasive and the abrasive dusts.

.of the abrasive figures taken together comprise our separated and'that' an abrasive laden atmos-' phere be maintained in which the iihrou's mass is beaten loosened and'separa ed. The abrasive then can penetrate and be uniformly distributed throughout the interstices in the cellulfous mass. W orlringof toe fibrous,

' mass.

In a preferred productiomI have used cottonfibers and jewelers rouge. However, other fibrous materials can he uses l-iapolr, Wool in fibrous, non-woven form, and other abrasives as fine, iron tree diatoinaceous earth, tripoli and chalk. I

Other advantages and features of my invention will appear upon consider-a u oi? the following; explanation of 1e ope of my machine as employed. to produce a polishing material.

In the drawings, accompanying and-form inga part ofthis specification Figure L1 is a right hand view of a portion oi": niymachine. I, v a

Figure 1B is a complementary leiit hand Vie-W ofthe remainder of my macine. l gure 1A overlaps a portion of Figure 1B.

matic side View of my invention.

In this preferred einhodimentl include machine frame 6 of suitable structure elements to carry the units of the machine. Feed rollers -7 support and feed material, to be formed into a pad, intooven 8 which includes electric heater 9. .Hearer 9 directs heat including radiant heat onto material drawn over support *ires 11 and against bafiie 12 carried on removable cover 13. Cover 13 includes vent 14 for the regulated escape of hot, moisture laden air.

Wires 11 extend beyond oven 8 to support material to receive solid divided material from vibrating screen 16. l/laterial is fed from hopper 17 by feeoscrews 18 onto screen 16. After receiving material passed by screen 16, the material is beaten. by beaters 19. Screen 16 and boaters 19 are enclosed in a housing 21 having a collector and outlet 22. Beaters19'are rapidly vibrate and beat the abrasive material laden fibrous mass vigorously to remove or: abrasi mate rial and to incorporate the abrasive material uniformly throughout the base material.

Spring pressed rollers 23,enclosod in housing 25, press the fluil'ed and beaten material into a compact mass. -Finished. mat rial is formed intoa roll on collector rollers 24.

Power-to drive collector'rollers as, spring 16, boaters 19 and in electric motor conucer Fronrspeed refurnished to rollers 2 L 23 teed rolls 7 by Beaters 10 are :ilr arm 31, between gears 2 heaters 19, and cranky 33. vibrated by cranl: arm 3 bet 36 Whichis cc. (actor to screen 16, and (*1 nl: Feed rod 3? ee- 6) I. o7 con med to e rate Ratchet 41 RAUL? ed on V ."crew shalt 4:2 to rotate feed screw 18' to discharge material. one screenltil The 'ous units'arc nio d in timed relati ship advance continuously material through the machine.

n oper tion material is fed over a fght line path throngs the communioven 8 el housings 1 25. A roll of materia as '1 sheet loose nfvoven matted cotton is aced on rolls 7. (iv-en 8 as previ at up to and mainv. iiich car to r oil mois- Upon the floven lb he- 8 for a h to dry the material ivimout harming-g i material. This is usuly ilbOiit ten'to' thirty n 4, depending on the'thicltuess of the in Bocause'ot the communication with; oven- 8 and proXinroty thereto. predr l r; t 1 dischr ed on .1 sea 16 is drv are spaced during; dry

. abrasive, it beat the e i YKQLMEI. is occurs readily. About "Eve pounds o? ievqcl-c-rs: rouge re applied to every fourtceirpounds of ma, ial about three and a halt pounds of m bein incorporated into t-l-c cotton.

at n osnhero it with the lv is iinm .ted with a-brasiv in excess into collector u filer being beaten. lulled and thoroughly J unnreg'i zed Win abrasive the material is 1 1 9 ccmpre d by spring pressed rollers which; are urged together by springs 46. This packs the material into compact form. Thereafter the materlal 1S wound into roll t' evpandi form on collector rollers 24 to be subsequently subdivided into any smaller size desired.

Oven 8 and housing 25 form seals at either end of housing 21 in which the abrasive laden atmosphere is maintained. This prevents direct escape of abrasive to the atmos phere.

I claim 1. The method of forming an abrasive and polishing pad and the likecomprising rid dingfa pad of fibrous material of molsture,

discharging abrasive onto said pad,loosen1ng said pad to incorporate said abrasive thors oughly throughout said pad and beating said abrasive throughout said loosened pad of material, and thereafter compressing said loosened pad into original form.

2. The method of forming an abrasive paid from amass of fibrous material comprising heating said mass of material to remove moisture, loosening said mass of materlal, incorporating an abrasive into said mass while said mass is hot, beating said mass of material with said abrasive, and compressing said mass of material into compact form.

3. The method of forming an abrasive pad from a mass of fibrous material comprising heating said mass of material toremove moisture, incorporating an abrasive into said mass While said mass is hot, beating saidmass of material with said abrasive, and compressing said mass of material into compact form.

4. The method of forming an abrasive pad from a mass of fibrous material comprising heating said mass of material to remove mois ture, loosening said mass of material, incorporating an abrasive into said mass, and compressing saidmass of material into compact form.

5. The method of forming an abrasive pad from a mass of fibrous material comprising loosening said mass of material, incorporat- 1ng an abrasive into sald mass, beatlng said mass of material with said abrasive, and compressing said mass of material into compact of iron oxide and a mass of cotton fibers comprising heating said cotton fibers to remove beating said moisture therefrom, applying iron oxide particles to said mass of dried fibers, and beating said cotton fibers and iron oxide to incorporate said oxide throughout said mass 7 f of fibers and to loosen said mass offiberst 9. i The method of forming an abrasive pad of iron oxide and a mass of cotton fibers comprising heating said cotton fibers toremo ve :3

moisture therefrom, applying iron'oxide'f particles to said mass of dried fibers, beating said cotton fibers and iron oxide to" incorporate said oxide throughout saidv mass of fibersandto loosen said mass of fibers, and compressing said loosened mass of fibers.

10 A machine for producing abrasive pads and the like comprising feeding means for a j J length of a fibrousmass of material, means for drying said length of material during, 5:

feeding thereof, means for applying abrasive a to said length of material during feed-ing thereof, and means for beating said-abrasive into said material.

11. A machine for producing abrasive ads and the like compris ng feeding means or a length of a fibrous mass of material, means for dryingsaid length of'm'aterial during feeding thereof, means for applying abrasive to said length of material during feeding thereof, means for beating said abrasive into said material, whereby saidfibrous mass is loosened, and means for compressing said loosened mass into compact form. I

12. The method of forming an abrasive pad comprising heating a mass of base mate rial to dry, loosen andflufi' saidmaterial,

depositing an abrasive onsaid material, and

abrasive.

13. The method of forming an abrasive "1 5 ad com risin heatin a mass of base material to dry, loosen "and fiufi' "said material, depositing an abrasive onsaid material, beats ing said material to distribute saidabrasive and compressingsaid flufied, and loosenedr 14. The methoddofforining a'nflabrasive' a pad and the likecomprisingheating a mass material. 1 a

of cotton linters to about 10090. to remove moisture therefrom, incorporating in said hot, moisture free mass a dry, finely divided loo material to distribute [said powdered material, and beating "the mass to distribute the through.

15. Themethod of forming a pad compris ing heating a mass of base material to dry and fluff said material, depositing a finely divided powdered material on said drymaterial, and

I beating said base materialto distribute said powdered'material therethrough.

SELMA ZAHNQ powdered material .thereit i 

